比特币核心结构实现
1. 区块结构设计
- 定义Block结构体,包含时间戳、前哈希、数据和当前哈希
- 实现计算当前哈希的方法
2. 区块链设计
- 定义Blockchain结构体,包含区块数组
- 实现添加区块的方法
- 实现创世块生成功能
3. 工作量证明机制
- 定义ProofOfWork结构体,包含区块引用和目标值
- 实现构造函数,设置难度目标
- 实现数据准备方法
- 实现挖矿运行方法
- 实现有效性验证
9.修改addblock函数,在其中调用工作量证明,run成功了才执行添加
10.定义确认区块有效区块,确认一下之前Run不是因为溢出而结束
基础数据结构
区块结构
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| use chrono::Utc; use sha2::{Sha256, Digest};
#[derive(Debug)] struct Block { timestamp: i64, prev_hash: String, hash: String, data: String, }
impl Block { fn calculate_hash(&self) -> String { let mut hasher = Sha256::new(); let data = format!("{}{}{}", self.timestamp, self.prev_hash, self.data); hasher.update(data); format!("{:x}", hasher.finalize()) } }
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区块链结构
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| #[derive(Debug)] struct Blockchain { blocks: Vec<Block>, }
impl Blockchain { fn new() -> Self { let mut chain = Blockchain { blocks: Vec::new(), }; chain.create_genesis_block(); chain }
fn create_genesis_block(&mut self) { let genesis = Block { timestamp: Utc::now().timestamp(), prev_hash: String::from("0"), data: String::from("Genesis Block"), hash: String::new(), }; let hash = genesis.calculate_hash(); self.blocks.push(Block { hash, ..genesis }); } }
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工作量证明实现
PoW结构
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| struct ProofOfWork<'a> { block: &'a Block, target: String, }
impl<'a> ProofOfWork<'a> { fn new(block: &'a Block) -> Self { let target = "00000".to_string() + &"f".repeat(59); ProofOfWork { block, target } }
fn prepare_data(&self, nonce: i64) -> String { format!( "{}{}{}{}", self.block.timestamp, self.block.prev_hash, self.block.data, nonce ) }
fn run(&self) -> (i64, String) { let mut nonce = 0; let max_nonce = i64::MAX; let mut hash = String::new();
while nonce < max_nonce { let data = self.prepare_data(nonce); let mut hasher = Sha256::new(); hasher.update(data); hash = format!("{:x}", hasher.finalize());
if hash < self.target { break; } nonce += 1; }
(nonce, hash) }
fn validate(&self, nonce: i64) -> bool { let data = self.prepare_data(nonce); let mut hasher = Sha256::new(); hasher.update(data); let hash = format!("{:x}", hasher.finalize()); hash < self.target } }
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添加新区块
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| impl Blockchain { fn add_block(&mut self, data: String) { let prev_block = self.blocks.last().unwrap(); let new_block = Block { timestamp: Utc::now().timestamp(), prev_hash: prev_block.hash.clone(), data, hash: String::new(), };
let pow = ProofOfWork::new(&new_block); let (nonce, hash) = pow.run();
if pow.validate(nonce) { self.blocks.push(Block { hash, ..new_block }); } } }
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这个实现:
- 使用Rust的类型系统确保内存安全
- 采用trait实现更好的代码组织
- 使用chrono处理时间戳
- 使用sha2进行哈希计算
- 所有字符串采用String类型,避免字符串切片的生命周期问题
要使用这段代码,需要在Cargo.toml中添加以下依赖:
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| [dependencies] chrono = "0.4" sha2 = "0.10"
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